Answer to Puzzle 1

This illustration shows the "T" values of this system. 

Beginning with T1 at the hand, the rope enters and exits all three pulleys with T1.  The eye of all three pulleys is T2 (i.e., the sum of the ropes connected to the pulleys).

The rigging plate has two pulleys, each with T2, connected to the top, so there is T4 at the bottom of the plate.

Since there is T1 on the hand and T4 on the pulley, this is a 4-to-1 (i.e., 4:1) system.

Each one pound of pull by the hand will raise four pounds of load.  This hand is holding 200 pounds.

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